Which parameter is critical for maintaining water quality in distribution systems?

Residual chlorine levels are critical for maintaining water quality in distribution systems because chlorine is commonly used as a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria and pathogens. Maintaining an appropriate level of residual chlorine ensures that the water remains safe for consumption as it travels through the distribution system. If the chlorine level drops too low, there is a risk of microbial growth, which can lead to contamination and potential health hazards for consumers.

In addition to its role in disinfection, residual chlorine also serves as an indicator of water quality and can help detect issues within the distribution system. It ensures that the disinfection process is effectively controlled, providing a barrier against waterborne diseases. A sufficient residual chlorine level must be maintained as water moves through the pipes to prevent the growth of harmful organisms that could compromise water safety.

While pH balance, water temperature, and mineral content can also influence water quality, they do not play as direct a role in the immediate safety from microbial contaminants as residual chlorine does.